1944 Conviction of Black G.I.’s Is Ruled Flawed

Kyt · Oct 27, 2007

http://www.nytimes.com/2007/10/27/us/27punish.html?_r=1&hp&oref=slogin#

Kyt · Dec 1, 2007

Army Pays $725

Pathetic

http://www.nytimes.com/2007/12/01/us/01lawton.html?_r=1&ref=us&oref=slogin

SEATTLE, Nov. 30 — A month after the Army said it made a mistake when it court-martialed Samuel Snow and 27 other black soldiers in World War II, the Pentagon has cut Mr. Snow a check for back pay, money withheld while he served a year in prison on a rioting conviction.

The check was for $725. No interest. No adjustment for inflation.

Mr. Snow, now 83, says $725 is not nearly enough for the anguish he endured as part of what was possibly the largest Army court-martial of the war. He has no plans to cash the check.

“I didn’t think it was appropriate,” said Mr. Snow, retired after more than 40 years of working as a janitor in Florida. “I’m going to ask them for more or something.”

In October, an Army board effectively overturned the convictions of Mr. Snow and the other former soldiers on rioting and other charges. The men, two of whom are known to survive, were imprisoned in many cases and dishonorably discharged after a riot at Fort Lawton here in August 1944 that led to the hanging death of an Italian prisoner of war held at the post.

The Army Board for Correction of Military Records specifically set aside the convictions of Mr. Snow and three others whose families requested reviews of the cases. The board found that the convictions were flawed because two lawyers defended 43 soldiers, the lawyers had 13 days to prepare for trial and, most critically, the prosecution withheld important evidence that could have potentially helped the defendants.

“All rights, privileges and property lost as a result of the conviction should be restored to him,” the board said of Mr. Snow. Rulings in the other cases were similar.

Col. Daniel L. Baggio, chief of media relations for the Army, said in an interview and in e-mail messages that he could not discuss Mr. Snow’s specific payment because of privacy laws. Colonel Baggio said a private of Mr. Snow’s grade was paid $50 a month in 1945.

He said Mr. Snow’s $725 appeared to reflect money withheld from his conviction on Dec. 18, 1944, to what would have been his likely discharge date, March 2, 1946. In an e-mail message, Colonel Baggio said the law controlling the board “does not authorize payment of interest, pain and suffering or damages.” If the back pay had been calculated at 8 percent for 61 1/2 years, compounded annually, Mr. Snow could have received more than $80,000. If the $725 was simply adjusted for inflation, it would amount to more than $7,700, a calculator on the Labor Department Web site shows.

In 1949, Mr. Snow tried to upgrade his discharge but was rejected by the records board. He returned in 1975, and his status was upgraded to “general under honorable conditions,” according to Army documents.

The board determined then that after initially denying involvement, Mr. Snow confessed to rioting under duress because he had been jailed in a stockade. Mr. Snow said he received veteran’s health benefits.

Mr. Snow said in a phone interview that the $725 check was accompanied by a letter that said “if I thought that wasn’t agreeable, don’t cash the check, because there wouldn’t be no more if I did.”

He said his son planned to look for ways to appeal, including going to his representative, Corrine Brown, Democrat of Florida. An aide to Ms. Brown said Friday that she recently met Mr. Snow.

“I know the congresswoman would be concerned about this issue,” Ms. Brown’s legislative director, Nick Martinelli, said.

It was unclear what other benefits might have been denied to Mr. Snow or the families of others convicted and what might be available now. Colonel Baggio said such back payments were uncommon but did not respond to follow-up questions on additional benefits.

An official of the Defense Finance and Accounting Service, who insisted on anonymity because he said he was not authorized to speak publicly about the case, said Mr. Snow could appeal for more pay or benefits. The official said Mr. Snow was the sole convicted soldier to have been sent a check.

It was unclear whether the other known survivor, Roy Montgomery of Illinois, had applied for a review. The review process was ordered by Congress after a book about the case, “On American Soil,” by Jack Hamann, a journalist and an author here, was published.
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spidge · Dec 2, 2007

What a bad time those guys lived in!

Kyt · Jul 28, 2008

RIP Mr Snow. At least you died having had your name cleared.

Orlando News Weather Sports Talk Radio

Samuel Snow, of Leesburg, fell ill before the ceremony clearing him and 27 other black soldiers of a 1944 conviction.

Samuel Snow, who was wrongly convicted of lynching an Italian prisoner during World War II, died Sunday at 12:43 a.m., Rep. Jim McDermott said.

Snow, 83, died at Virginia Mason Hospital in Seattle. He entered the hospital Friday for an irregular heartbeat, McDermott said on behalf of Snow's family.

On Saturday, the U.S. Army awarded Snow an honorable discharge and apology. He and other black soldiers were falsely court-martialed for rioting and lynching an Italian prisoner of war at Seattle's Fort Lawton in 1944.

"I am just stunned that he died the day that the Army and America was apologizing to him for the injustice he suffered," McDermott said.

Ray Snow, Samuel's son, said: "My dad has been standing in formation all these years waiting to have his name cleared. With the Army's honorable discharge he was at ease. He now has his discharge papers and he went home."

The wrongly accused men were publicly exonerated at a tribute held in a meadow of Discovery Park Saturday near the former Fort Lawton chapel and parade grounds. They were given honorable discharges, their convictions set aside and their families awarded back pay for the time they served in jail.

They were told: "We're sorry."

"We had not done right by these soldiers," said Ronald James, assistant secretary of the U.S. Army for Manpower and Reserve Affairs. "The Army is genuinely sorry. I am genuinely sorry."

During World War II, the black soldiers at Fort Lawton were housed in segregated barracks near the Italian prisoners of war. After a scuffle between a black American soldier and one of the POWs on the night of August 14, 1944, a riot broke out, injuring dozens. The next morning, one of the Italians was found hanged at the bottom of a bluff.

Forty-three black soldiers were charged with rioting, three of whom also were charged with the murder. Only two attorneys were assigned to the case and given two weeks to prepare. They were never shown an Army investigation criticizing its own handling of the riot.

McDermott said Saturday night at the hospital before he died, Ray Snow showed his father the honorable discharge plaque and read it to him. Samuel Snow's smiled broadly and was very pleased that his name had finally been cleared and justice done. His son was at his side when Samuel Snow died. No official cause of death has been announced as yet.

Samuel Snow and his family lived in Leesburg, Fla.
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1944 Conviction of Black G.I.’s Is Ruled Flawed

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