Major-General Charles Howard Foulkes (1 February 1875-6 May 1969) was a Royal Engineers officer in the British Army and also a British international field hockey player who competed in the 1908 Summer Olympics in the bronze medal-winning team. He saw service in World War I and, following the first German use of gas on 22 April 1915 at Ypres, became Britain's chief advisor on gas warfare. He also advised on the use of gas to suppress the uprisings in Afghanistan (1919) and Waziristan (1920), but gas was never actually deployed in these conflicts. Born in India, 1875 Commissioned into the British Army as 2nd Lt, Royal Engineers, 1894 Sierra Leone, West Africa, 1897-1899 Boer War, 1899-1900 Assistant commander on the Anglo-French Boundary Commission, Northern Nigeria, 1902-1904 Kano-Sokoto expedition, Nigeria 1903 Appointed Capt and married Dorothea Oakey, 1904 Command of the Ordnance Survey of Scotland, 1904-1909 Command of 31 (Fortress) Company, Ceylon, 1909-1912 Command of 'L' Company, Royal Engineers' Depot, Chatham, 1913 Appointed Major, 1914 Western Front, World War I, 1914-1918 Commander, 11 (Field) Company, First Battle of Ypres 1914 Appointed Gas Adviser, 1915 Command of Special Brigade, and Director of Gas Services, 1917 President of the Chemical Warfare Committee, 1918 North West Frontier Province, India, 1919-1920 Afghan War 1919 Waziristan 1919-1920 Appointed Lt Col, Commander, Royal Engineers in Fermoy, Ireland and Director of Irish Propaganda, 1921 Commander, Royal Engineers in Northumbria, 1922 Appointed Col and Deputy Chief Engineer, Southern Command, 1924 Chief Engineer, Aldershot Command, 1926-1930 Aide-de-camp to the King 1928 Appointed Maj Gen, 1930 Retired, 1930 Publication of Gas! The Story of the Special Brigade, 1934 Colonel Commandant, Royal Engineers, 1937-1945 Publication of Commonsense and ARP, a practical guide for householders and business managers, 1939 Awarded Gold Medal of the Institution of Royal Engineers, 1964 Died in Hampshire, 1969 Translated from German to English Charles Howard Foulkes (1875 India, 1969 Hampshire) was from the First World War, Head of Chemical Service of the British army. 1894 Foulkes came in as second lieutenant of the pioneers of the British Army. From 1897 to 1899 Foulkes in Sierra Leone was stationed. From 1899 to 1900 Foulkes took part in the Second Boer War. From 1902 to 1904 Foulkes was deputy head of the English-French Boundary Commission in Northern Nigeria. 1903 Foulkes took part in the Kano-Sokoto Expedition in Nigeria for the mapping of the border course. Foulkes has been promoted to captain in 1904 and got married. From 1904 to 1909 Foulkes, leader of the Scottish munitions research. From 1909 to 1912 headed the 31st Foulkes Festungskommpanie to the then Ceylon. 1913 Foulkes of the light engineer company commander of the arsenal of Chatham (Kent was). 1914 Foulkes has been promoted to Major. From 1914 to 1918 Foulkes was on the Western Front. 1914 at the First Battle of Ypres Foulkes was the commander of the 11th Feldkommpanie. Once, on 22 April 1915 at the second battle of Ypres, Hugo Stoltzenberg under the guidance of Fritz Haber, the chlorine gas taps turned on, had escalated to chemical warfare. It was open 5730 bottles and dropped 180 tons of chlorine gas. The effects of the gas attack was devastating. The lungs of many French and Algerian soldiers were corroded, and they died a slow death. Before the dawn of the 24th April 1915, opened the German chemist, chlorine valves compared to a Canadian position with similarly devastating consequences. On the Allied side were in the two days of gas attacks killed about 5,000 people and 10,000 have health effects, with roughly half of those affected these damages were permanent. The Germans, repeat the gas attacks by 24 May 1915. Allied troops were only crude funnel filter masks available, which were impregnated with sodium carbonate solution and were tied around his face, but as expected, were ineffective. As a result, the wind kept against further German attacks. In October 1915, there were two chlorine gas attacks from the German side. Then turned to the wind and Fritz Haber to the Eastern Front. From June 1915 2.500.000 Hypo helmets have been distributed, cloth bags with windows, which were soaked in glycerine and sodium thiosulfate. On 25 September 1915, the British launched their first gas attack on en: Loos-en-Gohelle, with 5,500 bottles of chlorine gas pressure in the support of a large ground offensive. The gas attack failed in part because the gas zurückdrang partly in the positions of the Allies and this and other problems have also led to thousands of victims among the troops of the Allies. The Allies overcame the first German line and were stopped at the second line, where about 50,000 died. On 9 December 1915, the wind blew from the Germans of released chlorine gas and phosgene, the lethal dose is 18 times lower than that of chlorine gas to the west against the British at Ypres. Over the summer of 1915, recognized the dangers that would go through a use of phosgene had been and the head protection by the P-Helmet has been improved. The output of nine million in December 1915 from P Helmets limited somewhat the number of victims. In June 1916, at the Battle of the Somme, also put the British Army phosgene. , Killing 57 by Foulkes' men by their own gas. 1915, both sides were still experimenting with poison gas, while in 1916 it was already a standard mass weapon. In Salisbury Plain Porton Down an extensive research and development facility, built for chemical weapons. After some protection against respiratory toxins was determined by gas masks, Fritz Haber developed mustard gas. 1915 Foulkes was appointed Gassachverständigen. In 1917 he was given command of a special brigade, and was Director of Gas Services. In 1918 he became chairman of the Committee for chemical warfare. From 1919 to 1920 Foulkes was stationed in the NWFP. 1919 on the third Anglo-Foulkes took part in the Afghan war against Amanullah Khan. After the First World War, like Foulkes Stoltzenberg and Max Hermann Bauer tactics for the aero-chemical warfare. Stoltzenberg had developed from the end of 1922 for the suppression of the Riffs contamination strategy. Foulkes turned his tactics on the third Aglo-Afghan war in 1919 and for the suppression of uprisings in Waziristan 1920 from. 1921 Foulkes has been promoted to Lieutenant Commander of pioneers in Fermoy, Ireland and Director of the Department of Propaganda. 1922 Foulkes was the commander of the pioneers of Northumbria. 1924 Foulkes became a colonel and deputy head of the pioneers in the Southern Command. From 1926 to 1930 Foulkes had the supreme command of the pioneers of the Adlershot Command. Foulkes 1928 Aide-de-camp of George V (United Kingdom) in 1930 was Foulkes has been promoted to major general. 1930 Foulkes has been retired. From 1937 to 1945 Foulkes as Colonel Commandant of the pioneers was reactivated. In 1964 he was awarded the Gold Medal of the pioneers. http://translate.google.com/transla...les+Howard+Foulkes&hl=en&client=safari&rls=en
